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Top 10 Dungeon Master Tips and Strategies for Engaging Players

Updated: Feb 6


Top 10 Dungeon Master Tips and Strategies

Introduction - Ten Dungeon Master Tips and Strategies

How do you become a truly great Dungeon Master? As with any other craft or practice, it is an artform that one masters over time. Weaving together rules, dice rolls, managing the your fellow players and guiding them through a co-created interactive randomised story whilst enjoying the fun and comradeship the game brings is a tall order.

For new DMs, the prospect of running their own game can be daunting, but there are few more fulfilling, life affirming, exciting and connective things to do than journey with friends through a world you imagine together. This article is your guide to starting such wanderings and how, over time, to become the best DM you can be. Remember, this isn't a sprint, it isn't even a jog, it's a Frodo and Sam journey into the wilds and along the way we will see many sights, uncover mysteries and become great at our craft; in short, there's no need to rush.

Before we get into the main body of the article, here are a few opening thoughts. If you are planning on starting your first game, then it's a good idea is to start with a small group of players, preferably close friends (in a later blog we'll discuss how to play with people you don't already know), keep the adventure you run relatively low stakes and work your way up to a grand scale (if you want). As you plan your first game, there is a lot of information to consider, from creating a good story and designing non-player characters to choosing a campaign setting and selecting magical items. But the most important things are to have a good time and create a better experience for everyone involved - this ultimately, is the only real objective.

To help you get started, we've compiled a list of 10 dungeon master tips that will make your D&D session run smoothly and keep your party members engaged. Whether you're playing in person or online, our tips will help you create a better game and make the most of your next session. From using a DM screen and battle maps to running random encounters and creating a main plot, there are many different directions you can take your game. This article is about the easiest ways to engage players is to encourage role play, creativity and buy-in into the game and world you are creating.

At the end of the day, the goal of any D&D game is to have fun and create a unique and memorable experience for your players. It may take a lot of hard work and a long time to create a great game, but the rewards are well worth it. So, grab your character sheet and hit points, roll some attack rolls, and see if you can land a critical hit in combat. With a good DM, a solid campaign setting, and a group of enthusiastic players, you can create a great game of Dungeons & Dragons that will last for years to come.

II. Tip 1: Know the Rules


As a Dungeon Master, knowing the rules of Dungeons & Dragons is crucial for creating a fun and engaging game. Understanding the game mechanics, such as combat, skill checks, and character creation, is an essential part of being a good DM. The rules provide structure and guidance for the game, and help ensure that everyone is on the same page. For new players and first-time DMs, it's important to take the time to learn the rules before jumping into a game.


This seems like a rather obvious 'duh' point to make, and a first time DM might thing 'you mean I have to wade through several dense core books before I can even consider starting the game?'


Well no, you don't, not really. Most DMing is about learning as you go and as with any other skill it is learned through doing. That said, here's how most people develop as DMs.

  • There are several good ways to learn the rules of Dungeons & Dragons. First and foremost, reading the Player's Handbook and Dungeon Master's Guide is a great way to get started. These core rulebooks provide a comprehensive overview of the game mechanics and rules, and offer guidance on how to run a game as a DM. Additionally, the Monster Manual is a great resource for learning about the various monsters and creatures that players may encounter during a D&D session.

  • Another great idea is to watch online video games or table top game streams, such as Critical Role, to see how experienced DMs and players interact and play the game. This can be a fun and informative way to learn about the rules and how to apply them in real-world situations.

  • Wizards of the Coast, the publisher of Dungeons & Dragons, also offers a lot of resources for new players and DMs. Their website, D&D Beyond, offers a wealth of information and tools for players, including character creation guides, spell lists, and more. Additionally, Wizards of the Coast hosts D&D events and sessions at game stores and conventions, providing opportunities to learn from experienced DMs and players.

First Time DM Case Study


Imagine that you are a brand new DM, and you've decided to run a D&D session for a group of your best friends. You're excited to get started, but you're also a bit nervous because you've never done this before. You've read the Player's Handbook and Dungeon Master's Guide, and you have a general idea of how the game works, but you know that you don't have all the rules memorized yet.

As the game begins, you find that you're a bit overwhelmed by all the information you need to keep track of. You're not quite sure how to calculate hit points, or how to determine a critical hit. You stumble a bit through the combat encounter, trying to remember which dice to roll and when to add modifiers.


Despite the hiccups, the players seem to be having a good time. They're engaged in the story and seem to be enjoying themselves. As the session goes on, you start to get more comfortable with the rules. You take notes on the things you struggled with, and make a mental note to brush up on those areas before the next session.


By the end of the game, you feel like you've made a lot of progress in learning the rules. You know that you're not a perfect DM yet, but you're getting there. You're excited to take on the challenge of running another D&D session, armed with the knowledge that you've gained from this one.


You WILL be imperfect to start off with, so roll with it, make muddling through part of the fun and your players will support you.


III. Tip 2: Create a Compelling Story


A. Why a compelling story is important


This is a bit like turning up to an Italian restaurant and asking why pasta is important. a role play game is an exercise in story telling where DM and players co-create the story, along with some randomisation and chance throwing up unexpected results. It's the story that the players come for and a chance to see what their characters do within it. The characters serve as an extension of the players and they are a vehicle for them to act out many roles and dreams that modern life isn't able to present to us. As the game master, it's your job to create a world for your players to explore, and to give them a reason to care about what happens in that world. A compelling story can help to immerse your players in the game and keep them engaged throughout the session. It's the foundation upon which the rest of the game is built, and without a strong story, the game can quickly lose its lustre.


B. Tips for creating a story


Creating a compelling story can be a daunting task, but there are a few tips that can help you get started. Firstly, take some time to think about the world you want to create. What kind of setting do you want to play in? What kind of conflicts are happening in that world? Who are the major players, and what are their goals?


Once you have a general idea of the world you want to create, start thinking about the plot. What is the main story arc that will drive the game forward? What are the major plot points that the players will need to hit along the way? Don't be afraid to be creative and come up with unexpected twists and turns.


Another good way to create a compelling story is to involve your players in the process. Ask them about their characters and their backgrounds, and try to weave those into the story. This can help to make the players feel invested in the game, and can also give you some inspiration for plot points.


It's ok, even advisable to start small and manageable, to send your players off in a short quest to a nearby ruin to find a hidden treasure or rescue a missing villager from a monster. The events of that adventure and the discoveries that the players make can springboard you and the players into a much more interwoven and interconnected world.

C. Examples of good storytelling in DnD


One example of good storytelling in Dungeons & Dragons is the popular web series Critical Role which, if you are completely new to D&D, you might not have seen (apologies to everyone else who watch it daily). In this series, the game master, Matt Mercer, creates a rich and detailed world for the players to explore, complete with intricate plotlines and well-developed characters. The story is engaging and immersive, and keeps viewers coming back episode after episode. Many DMs have modelled their style of Mr Mercer (though this is in no way compulsory, your style is, after all, the expression of you).

Another example is the adventure module Curse of Strahd, which is known for its dark and atmospheric storytelling. The module is set in the Gothic horror world of Ravenloft, and features a compelling villain in the form of the vampire Strahd von Zarovich. The story is well-written and engaging, and has become a favourite among D&D players.

Creating a compelling story takes time and effort, but the payoff is a more engaging and enjoyable D&D session. By taking the time to think about the world you want to create, involving your players in the process, and looking to other examples of good storytelling in D&D, you can create a game that your players will remember for a long time.

Story Telling Case Study


As a new DM, you may feel intimidated by the idea of creating a compelling story. Starting small with a one-shot adventure or using a pre-written adventure can be a good way to get your feet wet, but as you gain experience, you may want to create your own campaign world.


That's what happened to me. I started with a small town that was being threatened by a bandit gang. As the players explored the town and interacted with NPCs, I discovered that I enjoyed creating my own stories. With my players' input, we built a campaign world with multiple storylines, adventures, and lore.

For our campaign world, we started with a simple premise: the players were all from a small farming community that was being threatened by raiders. As they explored the world and completed quests, they discovered a larger conspiracy involving a secret organization that was trying to take over the kingdom.

With each adventure, we added more details to the world. We created new locations, NPCs, and plot hooks that tied into the main storyline. As the players completed quests and defeated villains, they learned more about the world and its history.

Creating a compelling story takes time and effort, but it's worth it. As a DM, you have the power to create a world that your players will love and remember for years to come. So don't be afraid to start small and build from there. With each session, you'll gain more experience and confidence, and your players will have a great time exploring the world you've created.


IV. Tip 3: Develop Interesting NPCs

A. The importance of NPCs

The NPC (non player character) is perhaps the most important tool that you as a DM have at your disposal. These are the people that you fill the fantasy world you have created with. They are the individuals and beings that the players interact with and they are the essence of the story that you create. They are the villains, the heroes, the bypassers, the innocents your players protect, the swindlers, thieves, crooks, star crossed lovers and tavern owners that your players encounter (you can introduce deceptive NPCs to confound and mislead your players). They are the means by which your world speaks to the players and they are the source of all the life, colour and energy that the game has. So no pressure then, but creating lively, energised NPCs not dull cardboard cut outs is really important to make the game have pace and life.


B. Tips for creating interesting NPCs

When creating NPCs, there are several things to keep in mind. First, think about their personality and motivations. What drives this character? What are their goals? How do they interact with the world and the players? Creating well-rounded and complex characters will make them more interesting and memorable.

Second, think about their appearance and mannerisms. How do they dress? What is their physical appearance? Do they have any quirks or habits that set them apart? These details can make the character more vivid and memorable.

Third, think about their relationships with other NPCs in the world. Do they have allies or enemies? Are they part of a larger organization or faction? These connections can add depth to the character and provide plot hooks for the players to follow.


C. Examples of memorable NPCs

Some of the most memorable NPCs in Dungeons & Dragons are those that the players connect with on a personal level. For example, there may be a helpful shopkeeper who gives the players a discount, a gruff but lovable dwarf who helps them in battle, or a mysterious wizard who provides them with arcane knowledge.

One of the most iconic NPCs in Dungeons & Dragons is Elminster, a powerful wizard who appears in many of the Forgotten Realms novels and adventures. Elminster is known for his eccentric personality, his vast knowledge of magic and history, and his willingness to help adventurers in need.


Here are five broad NPC archetypes. There are, of course, many many more


  1. The Wise Mentor: This archetype is often an older, experienced character who provides guidance and knowledge to the players. They may have a mysterious past or be a powerful wizard, but ultimately they are there to help the players on their quest.

  2. The Shady Dealer: This archetype is often a merchant or a smuggler who operates outside the law. They may offer the players rare or illegal goods, but their motives are always unclear. They can add an element of danger and intrigue to a campaign.

  3. The Villainous Mastermind: This archetype is the main antagonist of the campaign, a powerful villain who seeks to thwart the players' goals and plans. They may have henchmen and minions to do their bidding, and they are often ruthless and cunning.

  4. The Bumbling Fool: This archetype is often a comedic relief character who is always getting into trouble or making mistakes. They may be a hapless peasant, a clumsy guard, or a well-meaning but incompetent wizard. They can add a lighthearted element to a campaign.

  5. The Mysterious Stranger: This archetype is often a newcomer to the campaign who arrives with a hidden agenda. They may have a mysterious past, unusual abilities, or a secret mission. They can add an element of mystery and suspense to a campaign.

Tip 4: Encourage Role Playing


Ok, so what happens when you, as a brand new DM, start a game with first time players? This can potentially be a really magical and fantastic journey that you all take together, but it's entirely possible that nobody has the first idea what role playing actually is. The clue, of course, is in the name. Players inhabit the character, imagine their responses to the environment they find themselves in, act in accordance with their personality and use their skills and resources to prevail. Some first time players might find this strange or awkward (some people enjoyed drama at school others felt self conscious). Therefore, creating an environment where people can set aside any inhibitions they might have, participate in the fun and get to know their character and its journey is a crucial part of the DM's role.


A. Immersion


Roleplaying is a crucial aspect of Dungeons & Dragons as it allows players to fully immerse themselves in the game world and create memorable experiences. It involves playing a character and making decisions based on that character's personality, motivations, and background. Roleplaying can bring the game to life, making it feel more like a story and less like a game.


B. Tips for encouraging roleplaying


As a DM, there are several ways to encourage roleplaying:

  1. Set the tone: As the game master, you set the tone for the campaign. If you act out the characters' dialogue and descriptions in an engaging way, your players are more likely to follow suit and engage in roleplaying.

  2. Create opportunities: Give players opportunities to roleplay by creating situations that require them to interact with NPCs or other players in character. This could be through social encounters, negotiations, or even combat encounters with unique enemies.

  3. Reward good roleplaying: Consider giving bonuses or rewards to players who engage in good roleplaying. This could be in the form of experience points, loot, or even just recognition at the table.

  4. Encourage character development: Players are more likely to engage in roleplaying if they feel invested in their character's story. Encourage them to develop their character's backstory, motivations, and personality, and incorporate those elements into the campaign.

C. Examples of successful roleplaying in DnD


One example of successful roleplaying is the popular web series Critical Role, where a group of voice actors play DnD together. Their characters have distinct personalities, motivations, and backstories, which leads to memorable and emotional moments in the game.


Another example is the "One-Shot" adventures created by the YouTube channel "Dimension 20". These one-off adventures are designed to be completed in a single session and often have a specific theme or setting. The players are encouraged to fully embrace their characters and the game world, resulting in hilarious and dramatic moments.


Overall, roleplaying can elevate the game from a simple tabletop game to a truly immersive experience. As a DM, it's important to encourage your players to engage in roleplaying and create opportunities for them to do so.

Tip 5: Set the Scene


A. Why setting the scene is important

The world of Dungeons & Dragons is vast and diverse, ranging from fantastical realms of magic and dragons to gritty, medieval-inspired landscapes. The right setting can help players to truly immerse themselves in the world, whether they're exploring the depths of a dark dungeon or negotiating with a powerful king. By creating a detailed and vibrant world, the Dungeon Master can provide players with a sense of place and context that can help to bring the game to life.


One of the key benefits of a well-crafted setting is that it can help to set the tone for a session or adventure. A dark and foreboding setting can create a sense of danger and urgency, while a bright and vibrant setting can create a sense of hope and optimism. By carefully selecting the setting for a particular adventure, the DM can help to convey the mood and atmosphere of the game, helping players to feel more engaged and invested in the story.


Another benefit of a well-crafted setting is that it can add an extra layer of depth and realism to the game. By including details about the environment, culture, and history of the game world, the DM can create a sense of verisimilitude that can help players to feel more connected to the game world. Whether it's describing the architecture of a city or the customs of a particular tribe, a well-crafted setting can provide players with a sense of context and texture that can help to make the game world feel more alive.


In summary, the setting of Dungeons & Dragons is an essential component of the game, helping to create an immersive experience for players, set the tone for a session or adventure, and add an extra layer of depth and realism to the game. By carefully crafting the game world and paying attention to the details, the DM can help to create a truly unforgettable gaming experience.


B. Tips for creating an immersive setting

There are several ways to create an immersive setting for your DnD game:


  1. Use sensory details: When describing a location, include details that will engage the players' senses. What do they see, hear, smell, feel, and even taste? This can make the setting feel more real and help players to visualize it.

  2. Add background music: Music can help to set the tone for a scene and create an emotional connection with the players. Choose music that fits the mood of the scene or location, and consider using ambient sounds like rain or wind to add even more depth.

  3. Draw maps and use visual aids: Having a visual representation of a location can help players to understand the layout and feel more connected to it. You can draw maps by hand or use online tools like DungeonFog or Wonderdraft. Additionally, using miniatures, terrain pieces, or other visual aids can make combat encounters more exciting and immersive.

  4. Consider the time of day: The time of day can affect the mood and atmosphere of a scene. For example, a dark and stormy night might make a location feel more ominous, while a bright and sunny day might make it feel more cheerful.

C. Examples of effective scene-setting in DnD


  • A dungeon crawl: As the players descend into a dark, dank dungeon, they hear the sound of dripping water and the echo of their own footsteps. The walls are slick with moss, and the air is thick with the smell of decay.


  • A bustling city street: The players walk through a crowded street market, jostled by the press of bodies and assaulted by the smells of exotic spices and frying food. They hear the cries of vendors hawking their wares and the clanging of blacksmiths' hammers.


  • A foreboding forest: As the players enter a dark, dense forest, they feel a chill in the air and hear the howl of a distant wolf. The trees loom overhead, casting long shadows that seem to move of their own accord, and the underbrush rustles with unseen creatures.

Tip 6: Using props and tools


A. Why props and visual aids are useful:

Props and visual aids can be incredibly useful tools for Dungeon Masters to bring their game world to life and enhance the immersion for their players. Some DMs are 'theatre of the mind' purists and simply use their words, but others use props to create a rich and interactive role playing experience. By using physical objects or visual aids, players are able to visualize the game world in a more concrete and engaging way. This can also help players better understand the environment and challenges they are facing. Props and visual aids can also create a more memorable and exciting experience for players.


B. Tips for using props and visual aids:

  1. Determine which props and visual aids will best enhance the game world: Consider the setting, the type of campaign, and the themes and tone of the adventure.

  2. Don't overdo it: Too many props or visual aids can be distracting and take away from the game. Choose a few key items that will make the biggest impact.

  3. Make props and visual aids accessible to all players: Make sure everyone at the table can see and use the props and visual aids.

  4. Use technology: With the rise of digital tools, consider using virtual props and visual aids such as digital maps, sound effects, and illustrations.

  5. Be creative: Don't limit yourself to traditional props and visual aids. Think outside the box and create unique and memorable items that tie into the game world.

C. Examples of effective use of props and visual aids in DnD:

  • Handing players a physical object to represent a magical item they have obtained, such as a key or amulet.

  • Using miniature figures and terrain to create a visual representation of combat encounters.

  • Creating custom maps and illustrations to show players the layout of a dungeon or other key locations.

  • Using sound effects and music to create atmosphere and enhance immersion.

  • Utilizing physical puzzles and props to challenge players and make the game more interactive.

VIII Tip 7: Be Flexible

A. Why flexibility in DMing is important

As a Dungeon Master, you have a great deal of control over the game world and the story that unfolds. You are responsible for creating the setting, designing the challenges, and controlling the non-player characters (NPCs). However, no matter how much preparation you do, players will always find a way to surprise you. They may take unexpected actions, ignore your carefully crafted clues, or simply go off in a completely different direction than you had anticipated. This is where flexibility comes in.


Flexibility is the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and unexpected events. As a DM, you need to be prepared to think on your feet and make adjustments on the fly. For example, if the players decide to ignore the clues you've provided and head off in a completely different direction, you may need to come up with a new set of challenges and obstacles to keep them engaged. Or, if they manage to defeat a powerful enemy much sooner than you had anticipated, you may need to adjust your plans for future encounters.


Being flexible also means being open to player input and feedback. Players may have their own ideas about the direction the game should take or the challenges they want to face. By being willing to listen to their suggestions and incorporate them into the game, you can create a more collaborative and engaging experience for everyone involved.

In summary, flexibility is an important trait for any DM. It allows you to adapt to unexpected events, adjust your plans on the fly, and incorporate player input into the game. By being flexible, you can create a more engaging and dynamic game world that will keep your players coming back for more.


B. Tips for being flexible

  1. Listen to your players: Pay attention to what your players are saying and doing. If they are expressing frustration or boredom, take note and make changes as necessary. Also, pay attention to what they are interested in and incorporate those elements into the game.

  2. Be prepared to improvise: No matter how well you plan, players will inevitably do something unexpected. Be ready to improvise and come up with new ideas on the spot.

  3. Keep an open mind: Be open to suggestions and feedback from your players. Sometimes they will come up with ideas that are better than what you had planned.

  4. Don't be afraid to change things: If something isn't working, don't be afraid to change it. This could be anything from a particular encounter to the entire campaign.

C. Examples of flexibility in action

Flexibility is a crucial quality that all good Dungeon Masters should possess. It enables them to adapt to unexpected situations and ensure that their players have a fun and engaging experience. One memorable example of this happened during a campaign that I was running, where a group of players decided to ignore the main quest and instead focus on a minor character's backstory.

At first, I was caught off guard, as I had spent countless hours crafting the main questline. However, I quickly realized that this unexpected turn of events could lead to an exciting new storyline. I adapted the campaign on the fly, creating new NPCs and encounters that tied into the character's past. The players were thrilled to explore this new aspect of the game world and it ended up becoming one of the most memorable parts of the campaign.


Another example of flexibility in action happened when a player wanted to incorporate a unique magical item into their character's backstory. Instead of simply saying no, I worked with the player to come up with a way to introduce the item into the campaign in a way that made sense and added to the story. This not only made the player feel more invested in their character, but it also created a new and exciting plot thread that the whole party could engage with.


These examples demonstrate the importance of being flexible as a Dungeon Master. By being open to unexpected twists and incorporating player input, you can create a more dynamic and engaging game world that will keep your players coming back for more. As a DM, your primary goal should always be to provide your players with a fun and memorable experience, and flexibility is an essential tool in achieving that goal.


By being flexible and adapting to unexpected situations, you can create a more engaging and enjoyable game for your players.


Tip 8: Keep up the momentum

A. Momentum and Pace

Keeping the game moving is essential in Dungeons and Dragons because it helps maintain player engagement and keeps the momentum of the game going. Slow gameplay can lead to players losing interest and becoming disengaged, which can result in a less enjoyable experience for everyone involved. A DM must find ways to move the game forward while still allowing players to explore, make decisions, and interact with the game world.


B. Tips for keeping the game moving

One effective way to keep the game moving is to plan encounters in advance. By knowing what creatures or obstacles the players will face, the DM can prepare the necessary materials, such as maps and tokens, ahead of time. Additionally, the DM can streamline combat by having players roll their attack and damage rolls at the same time, and by using timers to keep turns short and concise.


Another way to keep the game moving is to avoid over-explaining or over-describing actions or events. While it's important to set the scene and provide necessary information, players may lose interest if the DM spends too much time on details that are not relevant to the story or their characters.


DMs can also encourage players to be proactive by giving them choices and opportunities to make decisions. Players who feel like they have agency in the game are more likely to be engaged and invested in the story.

C. Examples of how to keep the game moving

One example of keeping the game moving is to use a "fail forward" approach to skill checks. Instead of simply telling players that they failed a check, the DM can provide them with new information or an opportunity to try a different approach. For instance, if a player fails a perception check to notice a trap, the DM could have them stumble into the trap but allow them a chance to disarm it before it goes off.


Another example is to use random encounter tables to create unexpected challenges and keep players on their toes. Random encounters can be tailored to the party's level and can provide opportunities for roleplay, combat, or both.


Finally, using music, sound effects, and other sensory elements can help create a more immersive game world and keep players engaged. Music can set the tone for a scene, while sound effects can add tension or excitement to combat or other actions.